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Arctic char
Arctic char or Arctic charr (''Salvelinus alpinus'') is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae, native to alpine lakes and arctic and subarctic coastal waters. Its distribution is circumpolar. It breeds in fresh water, and populations can either be landlocked or anadromous, migrating to the sea.〔(Cambridge Bay Arctic Char ) at Fisheries and Oceans Canada〕 No other freshwater fish is found as far north; it is, for instance, the only fish species in Lake Hazen on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic. It is one of the rarest fish species in Britain, found mainly in deep, cold, glacial lakes, and is at risk from acidification. In other parts of its range, such as Scandinavia, it is much more common, and is fished extensively. In Siberia, it is known as ''golets'' and it has been introduced in lakes where it sometimes threatens less hardy endemic species, such as the small-mouth char and the long-finned char in Elgygytgyn Lake.
The Arctic char is closely related to both salmon and lake trout, and has many characteristics of both. The fish is highly variable in colour, depending on the time of year and the environmental conditions of the lake where it lives. Individual fish can weigh or more with record-sized fish having been taken by anglers in northern Canada, where it is known as ' or ' in Inuktitut. Generally, whole market-sized fish are between . The flesh colour can range from a bright red to a pale pink.
== Subspecies in North America==
In North America, three subspecies of ''Salvelinus alpinus'' exist. "''S. a. erythrinus''" is native to almost all of Canada's northern coast. This subspecies is nearly always anadromous. ''S. a. oquassa'', known as the Sunapee trout or the blueback trout, is native to eastern Quebec and northern New England, although it has been extirpated from most of its eastern United States range. ''S. a. oquassa'' is never anadromous. Dwarf Arctic char has been classified as ''S. a. taranetzi''. The scientific names are not generally accepted, however, as the names ''S. a. erythrinus'' and ''S. a. taranetzi'' usually refer to subspecies that are endemic to Siberia only.
Arctic char are also found in Lake Pingualuit in the Ungava Peninsula, Quebec, a lake formed roughly 1.4 million years ago from an impact crater. Changing water levels are believed to have connected the lake with glacial runoff and surrounding streams and rivers, allowing char to swim upstream into the lake. Arctic char are the only fish found in the lake, and signs of fish cannibalism have been found.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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